The researchers in these other continents have reported the risk factors for renal scarring in children with UTI to include age at diagnosis, gender, delayed treatment, recurrent infections, peak of fever, laboratory indices of inflammation (total white blood cell, WBC, count; procalcitonin, PCT; and C-reactive protein, CRP, concentration), the extent of renal parenchymal lesions, race or ethnicity, and the presence of VUR [62-73]. Here, CRP is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.