In the liver on day 7 post-infection, the expression of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 p40, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, CCR2, CCL2, IFN-γ and IL-4 was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of Arg-1 was down-regulated in both of MRP14-KO mice and WT mice (Fig 9). Here, TNF is linked to infection.