Treatment conditions in our study, including the threshold laser power density (12 W/cm2) and exposure time (2-3 min) at which GNR/anti-CAIX induced tumor regression were similar to some previous reports of in vivo NIR irradiation that used other NIR-absorbing gold nanostructures injected via tail veins, such as nanorods (2 W/cm2, 5 min) [2], nanoshells (4 W/cm2, 3 min) [1], and nanospheres (3 W/cm2, 5 min) [53]. This evidence concerns the gene CA9 and neoplasm.