TNF and skin cancer: There are several pathways involved in UVB-induced skin injury as solar UVB radiationinduces erythema, sunburn, hyperplasia, proliferation, inflammation, oxidativestress, DNA damage, p53 mutations, immunosuppression, and alterations in PI3K/AKTand NF-κB cell survival signaling pathways eventually leading to skin cancer (27, , , –31).UVB-induced inflammatory responses include increased production of pro-inflammatorycytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 (32,33).