Other signaling pathways activated by the PC1/PC2 complex and are believed to modulate ADPKD, include activation of the Janus kinases (JAK) and Signal Transducers of Activated T cells (STAT/STAT3) transcription factors, which have been shown to both inhibit and stimulate renal epithelial cell division[69, 70]; activation of Ras/Raf/Erk signaling[71–73], which modifies proliferative and apoptotic stimuli; and activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling [74–76], which promotes cell polarity (for review see [57]). Here, STAT3 is linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.