GPT and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: S2 Fig illustrates how the predicted BMD changed with BMI for the different ALT/NAFLD groups among males. This analysis stratified by gender and menopausal status showed that the effect of HA NAFLD on BMD could vary with BMI and gender. These findings may also explain why the effect of NAFLD on BMD in the primary analysis did not achieve statistical significance, in contrast to the results in previous reports from Asia [19–21].