Consistent with previous reports from our group (9), we observed that the frequency of detection of IDO (91% in PCa vs. 51% in BPH, p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (73% in PCa vs. 51% in BPH, p = 0.03) gene expression were significantly higher in PCa than in BPH tissues (Table 1). The gene discussed is IDO1; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.