Previous researchers have reported PD-L1 expression in 95% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 80% of squamous cell carcinomas11, and lymph nodes harboring metastatic cervical cancer were characterized by high levels of PD-L1+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells12. Here, FOXP3 is linked to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.