These studies revealed that treatment intensification was associated with the number of OAD types used at baseline [17, 23], younger age [17, 19, 22], higher HbA1C values at baseline [9, 17, 19, 22], longer duration of diabetes [19, 20, 22], point-of-service insurance, mental illness, endocrinologist visit at baseline [9], no treatment for hypertension [17], using insulin at baseline [19], non-adherence to OADs [21], worse glycemia, and patients with longer intervals between routine hyperglycemic visits [17, 23]. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.