SKI and cancer: For instance, the downregulation of SnoN with specific interfering RNAs reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hepatoma and pancreatic cancer cells.272,296 Of note, there is a pitfall associated with a significant reduction of Ski or SnoN levels since this approach can lead to the promotion of tumor metastasis, as has been shown in breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer cells, and thus the use of this strategy as an anti-cancer therapy can result in a serious disadvantage.268,287