Since the IFN system is largely regarded as playing a key role in autoimmune disorders including SLE, SSc, and SjS (75, 149, 150), it is possible to hypothesize that also PYHIN may play a causative role in autoimmunity thanks to its ability to induce apoptosis and trigger an inflammatory response (Figure 3). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.