However, TAC-induced expression of cardiac Fgfr1, Fgfr3, and Fgfr4, nuclear localization of NFAT protein within the cardiac myocytes, Rcan1 induction, and consequently cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are also present in global homozygous Fgf23−/−/vitamin D receptor (VDR)Δ/Δ or Klotho−/−/VDRΔ/Δ double knockout mice compared to respective wild-type mice. Here, VDR is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.