So in muscle cells from cDM, DM1, or DM2 patients the complex changes in stoichiometric ratios between MBNL1-3, CELF1, and other RBPs, and the DMPK or CNBP RNA molecules that take place during natural development are superimposed by variable toxic changes caused by abnormal RBP-repeat RNA interactions (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene CELF1 and myotonic dystrophy type 1.