The importance of TGF-β signaling on cancer cells, or cancer cell resistance to TGF-β signaling during cancer progression, as well as the impact of TGF-β in non-immune and non T-cell subsets that compose the neoplastic microenvironment, has been reviewed elsewhere and will not be extensively discussed here [10,11,14,16,156,157,158,159,160]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.