Moreover, in PBMCs from patients with SLE and healthy donors, the phenolic fraction of EVOO modulated cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10) and attenuated induced T-cell activation, possibly via NF-κB signaling pathway, as increased expression of I-kappa-B-α and decreased extracellular signal regulated kinase phosphorylation accompanied these anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory regulations [192]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.