APP and Parkinson disease: Several proteins related to the pathogenesis of AD and PD, such as amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), amyloid precursor protein (APP), α-synuclein, parkin, PTEN-induced kinase1 (PINK1), DJ-1, and leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK2) are also associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction [3], [4].