In autoimmune diseases, it may be due to defects such as polymorphisms in the TNFR2 gene, up regulated expression and receptor shedding.TNFR2 levels were, again, found to be highest in the RA with PD group, decreasing across remaining groups in our study which agrees with previous reports of higher levels of TNFR2 found in serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis [41]. Here, TNFRSF1B is linked to autoimmune disease.