VEGFA and neoplasm: VEGFA-165b competes with pro-angiogenic isoforms and inhibits VEGFA-165-induced angiogenesis; VEGFA-165b overexpression or administration of recombinant protein inhibits tumor growth in cancer xenograft models, indicating its potential as an anti-cancer agent (Harper & Bates, 2008; Varey et al., 2008; Peiris-Pagès, 2012).