Further, the short-term, experience-dependent changes in the white matter were larger (Cohen’s d = 0.75 for the AF, and d = 0.66 for the ILF) than the typical group difference reported in the literature4,13,46 and the group differences observed here (d = 0.53 for the AF and d = 0.59 for the ILF). The gene discussed is FOXK2; the disease is atrial fibrillation.