CREB-induced recovery is specific to the neuronal circuits with CREB-transfected cells in motor cortex anterior to the stroke, as lenti-CREB injection into cortex at a corresponding site immediately posterior to the stroke lesion (posterior parietal association area, PTLp22) does not enhance motor recovery after stroke, indicating the selective nature of CREB function in peri-infarct motor cortical neurons (Fig. 2d, e; Supplementary Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene CREB1 and Stroke.