A characteristic morphological injury pattern in renal tissue, such as interstitial edema, renal tubular necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated AKI biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C were observed in a swine model of AKI after CA with ventricular fibrillation and asphyxiation [7]. Here, CST3 is linked to acute kidney injury.