In line with this paradigm, Bozinovski et al. has recently demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure promotes the release of interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, from nonconventional T-cell sources, such as natural killer (NK), natural killer T-cells (NKT) and γδ T-cells [20]. Here, IL17A is linked to asthma.