INS and Hepatic steatosis: As shown in Figure 2A and Table 1, the blood levels of NEFA, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) were significantly higher, but alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose (GLU) were markedly lower in dairy cows with fatty liver than in healthy cows.