CD27 and diabetes mellitus: In similar analyses, we found decreased levels of CD24 expression on switched CD21+CD24+CD27+CD38intCD95+IgD− memory B cells (area 2) in newly diagnosed individuals and those with long-standing diabetes vs healthy donors (newly diagnosed individuals: p < 0.01 in Study A, p < 0.01 in Study B; individuals with long-standing diabetes: p < 0.05 in Study A, p < 0.005 in Study B; Fig. 1f).