TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: Recently, the increasing clinical evidences in China have been suggested that HKC at the safe and effective dose of 7.5 g/kg/day can reduce micro-urinary albumin (micro-UAlb) in the early DN patients and the IgA nephropathy patients (Liu et al., 2010; Li et al., 2017), and that its therapeutic action may be concerned with regulating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling in vivo (Tu et al., 2013), and inhibiting high-glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro (Cai et al., 2017).