The difference in NOD2 expression were analyzed between patients with “A” and without the “A” allele due to the limited sample size of patients carrying “AA.” Interestingly, in the PBMCs from MSA patients carrying minor “A” allele of rs3135500, NOD2 mRNA showed a 1.28-fold increase compared to patients without the minor “A” allele (1.41 ± 0.34 vs. 1.10 ± 0.41, p = 0.028) (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene NOD2 and multiple system atrophy.