Therefore, our current finding may also indicate the spreading of pathogenesis from the periphery to the CNS occurred in MSA since innate immune response mediated by NOD2, mainly occur in peripheral system, such as bone marrow immune system, gastrointestinal tract and skin, and the trigger, bacterial molecules difficultly pass the blood-brain barrier (Caruso et al., 2014). The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is multiple system atrophy.