Sustained hyperglycemia can lead to this process, which can then promote the release of some cytokines and growth factors, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) [15]; the massive release of CTGF during the course of long-term diabetes will cause strong expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components [16,17], which can promote cell hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, leading to altered cardiac function. Here, CCN2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.