For more abundant mRNAs such as GAPDH, both qRT-PCR (Ct values in 28~32 for EVs in 200 μL plasma sample size) and our TLN biochip (EVs in 20 μL plasma sample size) were able to provide very similar results for 3 healthy individuals and 5 HCC patients as shown in Fig 2A. Here, GAPDH is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.