Release of TNF alpha from the plasma membrane is mediated by ADAM 17, a metalloproteinase; surface TNF is an essential ingredient of granuloma formation (Fremond et al., 2005) and may play a role in contact-dependent killing of viable, TB- infected macrophages (Mahamed et al., 2017), whereas secreted TNF may be important in catabolism and weight loss, with IL-6 (Flint et al., 2016). Here, IL6 is linked to tuberculosis.