DISC1 and schizophrenia: Traditionally, DISC1 protein is suggested to be essential in neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration (21–24, 36), recent evidence implicates that mutations of DISC1 disrupt synapse formation, regression and function, finally leading to the dysfunctional neurotransmission and altered neuronal activity (32, 33), such as the glutamatergic and the dopaminergic pathways, eventually inducing schizophrenia-like symptoms including positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms (34, 72).