IL1B and pulmonary arterial hypertension: A variety of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1α, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and CRP are upregulated in PAH (Quarck et al., 2009; Selimovic et al., 2009; Sztrymf et al., 2010; Duncan et al., 2012; Heresi et al., 2014; Matura et al., 2015; Al-Naamani et al., 2016; Prins et al., 2017).