In addition, Shank proteins are physiologically linked to proteins with mutations reported in the ASD population such as NMDAR (Pan et al., 2015), Nrxn/Nlgn complexes (Yoo, 2015; Onay et al., 2017) and mGluR5-mTOR (Fragile X syndrome: 1%–2% of patients with ASD, Tuberous sclerosis: ~1% of patients with ASD; Abrahams and Geschwind, 2008). Here, NLGN4X is linked to fragile X syndrome.