TSPO and multiple sclerosis: However, in contrast to the neuroprotective role of ligand-mediated TSPO signaling as outlined above, the hGFAP-driven-conditional TSPO knockout mice exhibited reduced astrogliosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis clinical scoring in a preclinical mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) [103] and this discrepancy between the genetic and pharmacological studies demands a thorough investigation.