A recent study employing microarray analysis of gene expression in a glioblastoma cell line, U118MG, upon treatment with TSPO ligand, PK11195 demonstrated that the mitochondrial expression of TSPO could be a part of mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling pathway resulting in modulation of nuclear gene/transcription factor expression and altered cellular functions [24]. Here, TSPO is linked to glioblastoma.