RIPK2 and neoplasm: Analysis of RIPK2 activation in IBC cell lines and patient tumor tissues revealed elevated kinase activity as determined by the surrogate detection tool, the use of a RIPK2 phospho antibody phosphorylated at Serine-176 (S176 indicative of active RIPK2) [27,49] and tyrosine-474 recognizing the autophosphorylation sites of RIPK2 (also indicative of active RIPK2) [50].