MUC-1, a cell surface molecule, is expressed in various epithelial cancer, such as breast, colon, pancreatic and prostate.63 5TR1 aptamer targets MUC1 and internalizes into colon tumors to specifically kill cancer cells.64 In cancer chemotherapy, the use of epirubicinis is limited by its toxicity, however, being conjugated with an aptamer, specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can reduce its toxicity effects (Fig. 2). The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is colonic neoplasm.