CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In recent times, a major advance in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the use of immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) [5].