Rapamycin and SMER28, a small-molecule rapamycin enhancer, both activate autophagy and decrease the expression levels of Aß 1–42 (Spilman et al., 2010; Tian et al., 2011), which is the most amyloidogenic form of Aß, in PD-APP transgenic mice, one of the earliest mouse models of AD. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.