TNF and infection: When using a sub-optimal dose of 10 mg/L of both INH/RIF that only partially reduced the bacterial load in the TNFα−/− mice (7 log10 CFU/lung, Fig. 5B), TNFα−/− mice presented a body weight loss at day 24 post-infection (Fig. 5D) and the co-administration of anti GM-CSF MAB led to a significant increase in body weight loss (Fig. 5D) and bacterial load (Fig. 5E), as compared with isotype-treated TNFα−/− mice, on day 32 post-infection.