My collaborators and I have studied the pathophysiology of uremic toxin-related systemic disorders, especially dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) and atherosclerosis, with a focus on β2-microglobulin (β2-m) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), respectively, and tried to identify therapeutic strategies to improve survival and ADL/QOL in CKD patients. Here, B2M is linked to atherosclerosis.