HMOX1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Treatment with HO-1 inhibitors, such as ZnPPIX or tin-protoporphyrin, led to a worsening of ALI/ARDS signs in cases of sepsis and hyperoxia, but had no effect in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) (Pamplona et al., 2007; Siner et al., 2007; Ballinger et al., 2012; Fei et al., 2012).