Studies also demonstrate that active TB patients with DM have elevated CD4+ Th1 and Th17 responses but reduced frequencies of Treg cells compared to patients without DM (Kumar et al., 2013), while DM patients with latent TB inversely have diminished Th1 and Th17 responses relative to patients without DM (Kumar et al., 2014). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.