Moreover, research implicated that polymorphisms in cytokine genes and members of the immunoglobulin supergene family including human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are involved in either improved or impaired ability to control somatic mutations by adequate immune responses and maintenance of immune surveillance: we recently demonstrated in a German cohort of white Caucasian genetic descent that polymorphisms in HLA, in particular HLA-B antigens and homozygosity in HLA-Cw and DRB4, are associated with increased risk for HNSCC (19). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-B and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.