Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that PIK3CA mutant breast cancers display decreased sensitivity to anthracyclines and cisplatin, however, as these drugs exert anti-cancer effects through ROS upregulation, it is conceivable that the antioxidant pathways, which are elevated by PI3K/Akt signaling, could counteract these therapies (91, 94). Here, AKT1 is linked to breast carcinoma.