Besides, GPC1 (glypican-1), a glycoprotein discovered in PSC exosomes, as a pivotal biomarker to distinguish PDAC (Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma), and as a tumor promoter shuttled among cells through exosomes (Ali et al., 2015; Charrier et al., 2014; Farrow et al., 2003). Here, GPC1 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.