CSF2 and neoplasm: Few studies have evaluated the function of TANs; however, those with the N2 profile have been shown to produce matrix metallopeptidases including MMP-8, MMP-9, neutrophil elastase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and VEGF and some inflammatory cytokines including TNFα and GM-CSF, which promote tumor and immune cell proliferation (metastatic potential) and favor chronic inflammation (31, 32).