NFKB1 and neoplasm: Although a major role of canonical NF-kB signaling for CAC induction in Nlrp12 deficient mice was proposed by Allen et al., a subsequent study emphasized the enhancement of non-canonical NF-kB signaling and MAPK activation as drivers of colonic inflammation and tumor-prone microenvironment derived from both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic compartments (35).