TNF and infection: Evaluation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines locally produced and recovered from BALF 7 days after infection showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the chemokine CXCL1, important for neutrophil recruitment, were increased in WT and PI3Kγ KO mice, albeit in higher levels in PI3Kγ KO mice (Figures 7C,D).