TNF and Sepsis: To assess the changes in SIRT1 levels in sepsis, we used the LPS-induced macrophage model (Figure 1): at 1–2 h after LPS stimulation, the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NOS2, and CCL2 in RAW264.7 cells were significantly increased, which indicated that the macrophages were in a state of inflammation, whereas the SIRT1 mRNA level was decreased significantly.