Since all cells can produce IFN-I and some suggest a role for both IFN-II and IFN-III in IGS generation (54, 55), we examined, in early RA and healthy control cohorts, type I, II, and III interferon transcript expression in pDCs as well as in CD1c+ DCs, B cells, CD14+ monocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.