TP53 and colitis: TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) may redirect glycolytic metabolism toward PPP, but also present divergent regenerative or tumorigenic outcomes, while in DSS-induced colitis, TIGAR dampens mild oxidative stress, promoting cellular regeneration; however, in cancer with deregulated p53 responses, it enhances proliferation by limiting excessive ROS generation and providing nucleotides (54).